Social Security Disability

Know your options

• SSDI — based on your work record: For people who’ve worked and paid Social Security taxes. You generally need 40 work credits (20 earned in the last 10 years); younger workers need fewer. In 2026 the average benefit is about $1,580/month (up to roughly $4,152).
• SSI — based on financial need: For people who are 65+, blind, or disabled with very limited income and under $2,000 in countable assets ($3,000 for a couple). No work history required. The 2026 federal benefit is up to $994/month ($1,491 for a couple).
• The disability standard: You must have a medical condition that keeps you from doing substantial work and is expected to last at least a year or result in death. Short-term or partial disability doesn’t qualify.
• Most claims are denied first: A denial is not the end — you can appeal (reconsideration, then a hearing before a judge). Many people win on appeal, and a representative is paid only if you win.

Two programs, one disability test. SSDI and SSI use the same medical definition of “disability,” but SSDI depends on your work history while SSI depends on financial need. Some people qualify for both.

How to apply. You can apply online at ssa.gov, by phone, or at a local SSA office. Expect it to take months, and gather your medical records early.

Appeals. Most first applications are denied. The steps are reconsideration, then a hearing before an administrative law judge, then the Appeals Council, then federal court. A large share of applicants who appeal eventually get approved.

Getting help. Representatives who handle these cases usually work on contingency — capped fees paid only out of back benefits if you win — so help is available even when money is tight.

Social Security Administration — Disability Benefits ↗